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"Simon Wendt's The Spirit and the Shotgun finally brings the story of armed self-defense into its rightful place in the history of the civil rights movement. This well-researched book will deepen our understanding of the ways in which defensive protection complemented nonviolent protests in many southern locales. . . . No other work in the field has outlined the history of armed self-defense in as complete and compelling a manner."--Renee C. Romano, Wesleyan University
"A really fine contribution to African American history and to the history of the black struggle for equality. What makes The Spirit and the Shotgun unique is the scope of this work. . . . A book all scholars of the movement will want and need to read."--Harvard I. Sitkoff, University of New Hampshire
The Spirit and the Shotgun explores the role of armed self-defense in tandem with nonviolent protests in the African American freedom struggle of the 1950s and 1960s. Confronted with violent attacks by the Ku Klux Klan and other racist terrorists, southern blacks adopted Martin Luther King's philosophy of nonviolent resistance as a tactic, Wendt argues, but at the same time armed themselves out of necessity and pride. Sophisticated self-defense units patrolled black neighborhoods, guarded the homes of movement leaders, rescued activists from harm, and occasionally traded shots with their white attackers. These patrols enhanced and sustained local movements in the face of white aggression. They also provoked vigorous debate within traditionally nonviolent civil rights organizations such as SNCC, CORE, and the NAACP.
This study reevaluates black militants such as Malcolm X and the Black Panther Party and also appraises largely unknown protective agencies in Tuscaloosa, Cleveland, and other locales. Not confined to one state, one organization, or the best-known activists, this is the first balanced history of armed self-defense that begins with the southern civil rights movement and ends with the Black Power era.
Drawing on extensive research from a wide variety of sources to build his case, Wendt argues that during the Black Power years, armed resistance became largely symbolic and ultimately counterproductive to the black struggle--no longer coexisting with peaceful protest in "the spirit and the shotgun" philosophy that had served the southern movement so effectively. This is an essential volume for historians and students of the era.
- Sales Rank: #2958841 in Books
- Brand: Brand: University Press of Florida
- Published on: 2010-11-14
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.02" h x .67" w x 5.98" l, .96 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 304 pages
- ISBN13: 9780813035659
- Condition: New
- Notes: BRAND NEW FROM PUBLISHER! 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. Tracking provided on most orders. Buy with Confidence! Millions of books sold!
Review
"Simon Wendt's The Spirit and the Shotgun finally brings the story of armed self-defense into its rightful place in the history of the civil rights movement. This well-researched book will deepen our understanding of the ways in which defensive protection complemented nonviolent protests in many southern locales." -- Renee C. Romano
From the Publisher
"'The Spirit and the Shotgun' finally brings the story of armed self-defense into its rightful place in the history of the civil rights movement. This well-researched book will deepen our understanding of the ways in which defensive protection complemented nonviolent protests in many southern locales. . . . No other work in the field has outlined the history of armed self-defense in as complete and compelling a manner."--Renee C. Romano, Wesleyan University
"A really fine contribution to African American history and to the history of the black struggle for equality. What makes The Spirit and the Shotgun unique is the scope of this work. . . . A book all scholars of the movement will want and need to read."--Harvard I. Sitkoff, University of New Hampshire
About the Author
Simon Wendt teaches American history at the University of Frankfurt.
Most helpful customer reviews
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
best account of armed defense
By History-prof-1
I picked up this book on a whim at a history conference. Having read some of the other books on armed self-defense and civil rights - Tyson's Radio Free Dixie, Strain's Pure Fire, Hill's Deacons for Defense - I was somewhat surprised to find another new book on this subject. My suspicions that this study might simply repeat what others have said quickly gave way to shock that there was so much about self-defense that we still don't know.
Wendt shows how armed resistance went hand in hand with nonviolence throughout much of the movement. His account is nicely balanced. Tyson, while he's written a great book, gives far too much importance to Robert Williams, setting him up as the typical model of a black self-defense activist in the 1950s and 1960s when he is atypical. Strain almost entirely dismisses nonviolence as a fiction, something that most scholars and laypeople would disagree with. Wendt doesn't make these mistakes. He shows the long history of self-defense. He also demonstrates the myriad ways in which armed defense worked in tandem with nonviolent protests. In numerous instances across the South, black defenders not only protected young protestors, they permitted those protests to take place. Additionally, the fear that protests and armed black men generated among numerous local whites actually motivated local businesses and city governments to integrate. These are fascinating stories that show the multifacted nature of the black freedom struggle.
Wendt also explores the Black Power era, focusing on how armed defense and black masculinity worked together. This is an important line of gender analysis that only a few scholars have tackled (focusing on men is also interesting given that often "gender history" is a standin for "women's history"). Wendt ultimately concludes, rightly I would argue, that guns in the Black Power movement worked against the struggle because the tandem element of nonviolence was missing. While Black Power activists certainly did not encouage violence...they encouraged self-defense...they distanced themselves from nonviolence. The focus on solely "the shotgun" minus "the spirit" worked to hurt the Black Power movement and hindered its success.
This is a very good book, one I found after buying it that has been positively evaluated in almost every major history journal. Contrary to what the other reviewer has stated (and he's written a fine review), Wendt focuses on almost every southern state in the Deep South, including a full chapter on Mississippi. Perhaps Mississippi differs from other states in that the armed confrontations between blacks and whites took place at night and have received less attention than Louisiana and the Deacons. This book shows how exhaustive research, great stories, and a good thesis can produce a fantastic piece of scholarship.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Self-defense and tactical nonviolence
By James Marshall
This study reviews in depth the introduction of armed self-defense in the rural areas of Louisiana and the Black Belt South and the motivations of local blacks to defend themselves against white Southern violence against the black community. It concentrates mainly on the Louisiana communities and pays little attention to other areas in the Deep South, especially Mississippi, which Lance Hill's Deacons for Defense does.
The study pays particular attention to black manhood and the interaction between nonviolence in the civil rights movement and armed self-defense efforts of members of the black communities. It further examines the Black Power movement.
More importantly it examines black self-defense efforts in locations such as those in Jonesboro and Bogalusa, Louisiana, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and St. Augustine, Florida, which were successful in protecting local black efforts at integration. However, these were mainly nighttime efforts to protect the communities rather than daylight confrontations with the Ku Klux Klan.
The historical importance of this study is in its examining the interaction of black organizations of armed self-defense groups and their relationship to the nonviolent local civil rights efforts.
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